Desktop Production Q-A bersama astrocoder

gunakan sepenuh tenaga komputer anda + kreativiti anda sendiri.. Kita bincang bagaimana nak:
1. programming
2. photography
3. music composing
4. web design
* list ni boleh berubah tanpa further notice
------
Warning: topik ini tak menyentuh isu hardware. hardware komputer buat pengguna obses nak upgrade aja sampai lupa nak "guna" komputer.

no. 2,3,4 tu senang..apa yg ko nak share/tanya teruskan je...no.1 tu interesting kalo maksud ko aktiviti memodified program..macam buat keygen utk mana2 softwere ke...

bila lah rakyat malaysia nak maju kalau berfikiran begini.. apakah tujuan nak buat keygen? pernah fikir tak camne bila seorang pembuat filem berhabisan berjuta2 wang, pastu pasarkan ke seluruh malaysia, tiba2 pembuat filem ni pegi jalan kat pasar malam, jumpa vcd cetak rompak dengan harga rm5. beli 3 dapat rm12. tu lah perasaan bila programmer berhabisan masa berbulan2 menaip beribu2 baris kod, dengan harapan nak mencari nafkah yang halal nak sara anak bini atau ibu bapa mereka yang sakit.. programmer ni buat satu function untuk meminta kod bagi memastikan pengguna tu membeli produknya. macam tot-up la lebih kurang.. tapi pembuatan keygen memang tak bertanggung jawab.

anyway, dah tanya, saya jawab la. ia bergantung pada camne ia diprogram. contohnya kalau program tu lebih kurang camni:

Code:


readln password;

if password="lomography" then
  { bla.. bla.. bla.. }
end;


bila kod ni di compile dan menjadi file binary, compiler tu akan mengasingkan antara data dengan kod. dalam kes ni, apa yang ada dalam quote '"' ada lah data. dalam kes ni, "lomography" adalah data dalam bentuk teks. buka la hex editor untuk tengok file binary executable ni.. tengok la. try-on-error setiap perkataan dalam hex editor ni. mudah2han anda dapat sampai pada perkataan "lomography" ni dan dapat menggunakan program dengan sepenuhnya. dan menempuhi hari2 yang berkualiti dengan program rompak tanpa memikirkan nasib programmer..

terima kasih kerana sudi membaca,
sekian terima kasih.

AstroCoder

oh! satu lagi method.. mungkin programmer akan kodkan camni untuk password:

Code:


const a=10;
readln b;
if (a*b)=20 then
{bla bla bla}
end;


ni susah sikit. kalau pandai assembly language, kepandaian ni sangat berguna. bila kod ni di transfer ke assembly language, kodnya mungkin adalah:

Code:


mov 10, ax
mov b, bx
mul ax, bx
cmp ax, 20
jmp password_betul
int 20h
password_betul:
{bla bla bla..}


dari kod assembly ni dah jelas. command "mul" (multiply) dengan hasil 20 digunakan. jadi fikir2kanlah sendiri.. 2*10=20. jadi passwordnya no 2.

terima kasih lagi kerana sudi membaca.

AstroCoder.

no. 2,3,4 tu senang..

jadi en.msaa ni orangnya biso. ada buat muzik? boleh la kita share?

tq astrocoder.......compose muzik x de ...compile ada la...nampak saudara astro anti pirate bagus la..jika compose muzik guna program ori lagi biso la......pasal keygen tu..orang tua kata belajar silat bukan nak pukul orang...kalo nak pukul juga sila la jangan kena mahaguru sudah la...jadi kalo nak belajar ko boleh pilih nak jadi camno...bukanka?
tapi apa application yg kita boleh gunakan sepenuh spt saudara sebutkan tu sila share disini.....

kawe ada e.g yg sangat basic mso application,..ni pun bila kawe ternapak tadi saing kawe dok calculate harga diaper guna N95 dia..flyer tesco banyak barang offer yg sama menarik!!..jadi kawe compose blutoo ke dia je..


dia happy la tadi semangat nak shopp...gamaknya zaman xde hp dia bawak calculator ka!?

astrocoder wrote:bila lah rakyat malaysia nak maju kalau berfikiran begini.. apakah tujuan nak buat keygen? pernah fikir tak camne bila seorang pembuat filem berhabisan berjuta2 wang, pastu pasarkan ke seluruh malaysia, tiba2 pembuat filem ni pegi jalan kat pasar malam, jumpa vcd cetak rompak dengan harga rm5. beli 3 dapat rm12. tu lah perasaan bila programmer berhabisan masa berbulan2 menaip beribu2 baris kod, dengan harapan nak mencari nafkah yang halal nak sara anak bini atau ibu bapa mereka yang sakit.. programmer ni buat satu function untuk meminta kod bagi memastikan pengguna tu membeli produknya. macam tot-up la lebih kurang.. tapi pembuatan keygen memang tak bertanggung jawab.

poyonye la ko ni mcm la tk prnah gune software pirate...tk tau la plak sejak ko celik komputer ko dh start pakai software2 yg original blaka.....aku rase ko ni mmg kaya la kalo nk beli software yg original je.....wakakakaka...jangan mare ek....aku pun penguna high end PC tapi tk mampu untuk nk beli original software....kecuali windows je ori tu pun OEM je.....

poyo? Wei.. Kalu takde duit, buat cara takde duit. Aku takde duit. Jd aku guna linux. Selesai masaalah dan tak perlu panggil aku poyo boh!

Kalau takde duit nak beli lesen, gunalah open source software. takde duit untuk windows, guna la LINUX ke BSD ke Plan 9 ke OpenDarwin ke Menuet ke etc lah:

instead of pricy adobe photoshop, gunalah the GIMP. Semua foto2 sy pun mastered dengan GIMP. Tanpa sy langgar undang2, saya dapat buat foto (http://flickr.com/astrocoder), sy boleh tidur lena selepas menjual foto tanpa perlu fikir foto saya dipersoal legalitynya. Saya rasa selamat kalau komputer sy digeledah penguatkuasa akta hak cipta. Tanpa melanggar undang2, saya buat audio mastering dengar ardour, synth dengan zynaddsubfx, drum programming dengan hydrogen, computerize guitar fx dengan LADSPA, music composing with lmms, music tracking with Skale dan byk lagi. Kos 0.

Zero cool, kita dalam forum "nak buat sesuatu" dengan desktop (desktop production). kalau program yang digunakan illegal, hasilnya illegal la.. kalau dok seharian guna cracked visual basic, pastu buat program dan jual dengan berhemah.. ia tetap illegal. dah tahu visual basic mahal, guna la alternatif lain. dont limit yourself only in one platform. ada banyak lagi platform lain.. Free alternative for VB as powerful as the VB, GAMBAS. saya juga guna GAMBAS. cuba la sendiri.

Warning to zero cool: dont attack people's personality in the open place like internet. I have sarcastic fingers. Its a kind of internet-bully thingy. poyo.

thankyou for reading,

AstroCoder.

cakap pun marah ke??tp ko suke2 kate orang yg buat kate keygen tu tk brtanggungjawab tu ngape??kalo hacker2 tu tau ko anti ngn diorang, kang ko kene hack kang....stakat home user tk salah kalo nk gune pirate....tp kalo sesape yg buat business mmg patut pakai software original....ko nk hntam orang lain tk payah la wei....baru blajo skit2 programer nk tunjuk lagak plak....masuk la putera.com baru best kite bincang psal mnde ni.....orang tegur skit nk snsitif sangat....nk warning2 plak....sukati ko la...aku gak penggune linux ubuntu + windows vista ultimate in dual boot system dan juge VMware Workstation....

astrocoder wrote:poyo? Wei.. Kalu takde duit, buat cara takde duit. Aku takde duit. Jd aku guna linux. Selesai masaalah dan tak perlu panggil aku poyo boh!

suke2 ko kate tkde duit, klao aku tkde duit aku tkkn berade dlm dunia IT ni....mcm ko sorang pakai linux....

kt atas ni PC orang tkde duit....

wow!!! hebatnya!! tak dapat percaya apa yang aku lihat!

(kena "pong", dah naik sheikh. lucu la ko nih. komputer bling2, bajet best la komputer ada lampu? rasa maha hebat la? ingat saya akan terkejut beruk la? hahaha!)
---
anda guna komputer untuk apa? saya dapat bayangkan bila melihat komputer "bling2" anda ni, saya dapat tahu ia tentu komputer yang perfect dari segi hardwarenya. mungkin memori 4gb, grafik kad 3d 512mb, processor pentium core 2 duo. ntah2 quad processor. tumpuan penggunaan komputer mungkin pada game. game lumba kereta, first person shooting, etc. mungkin juga dulu ada belajar kolej, atau universiti ambil kursus multimedia atau IT. muzik yang disukai adalah muzik R&B (yang selalu menjadi background muzik game). anda suka hardware komputer, mencari barang2 yang latest dan termaju. mempunyai desktop yang tersusun cantik dengan wallpaper futuristik dan bertemakan warna gelap. sound system, impressive! sorround speaker yang amat sesuai bagi game racing dan perang2. anda rasa kagum bila kawan2 anda datang tengok PC anda dan kata "fuyooooo! CPU ada lampuuuu!!", "fuyoooo.. woobly windows macam agar2..". bagi anda ia tak ubah seperti kereta autshow. betul tak? hehehe! tapi bagi orang lain, ia nampak childish la bang.. eye candy aja.. hahaha! hey zero cool, kau ni memang suka tunjuk2 kan? aku tak check mesej kau kat putera.com pun aku dapat tahu kau mesti pernah ada submit gambar dan spec komputer kau kat sana. hahaha!
---
you know, i dont have to do this. saya buka forum "Desktop Production Q-A bersama astrocoder" ni untuk besoal jawab tentang desktop production. just stick with it. hanya interested nak cakap mengenai bagaimana nak jadi produktif dengan komputer. dan tak perlu cakap:

poyonye la ko ni mcm la tk prnah gune software pirate...tk tau la plak sejak ko celik komputer ko dh start pakai software2 yg original blaka.....aku rase ko ni mmg kaya la kalo nk beli software yg original je.....wakakakaka...jangan mare ek....aku pun penguna high end PC tapi tk mampu untuk nk beli original software....kecuali windows je ori tu pun OEM je.....

atau

stakat home user tk salah kalo nk gune pirate....tp kalo sesape yg buat business mmg patut pakai software original....ko nk hntam orang lain tk payah la wei....baru blajo skit2 programer nk tunjuk lagak plak....masuk la putera.com baru best kite bincang psal mnde ni.....

apa moralnya bagitahu camni kat orang? apa consequence kalau kata2 ko ni dibaca penguat kuasa hak cipta? mengeluarkan kenyataan di tempat terbuka seperti internet ni bagi menghalalkan penggunaan software pirate. well, i'm totally against it. lagi, zero cool ni kenal saya ke? saya tak kenal pun zero cool. tiba2 boleh bagitahu tanpa soal selidik "baru belajar programming dah nak tunjuk lagak". hahaha! not wise la to say that to someone who actually started a thread Q-A dalam forum IT ni.. for your information, thread forum ini bernama "Desktop Production Q-A bersama astrocoder". itu aja, no more, no less. seperti yang anda kata, nak cakap tentang ni, bincang la dekat putera.com. memang tempatnya btw, dulu saya pernah daftar putera beberapa tahun lepas (mungkin pada 1998). sekarang username dah lupa dan hilang. sekarang lebih berminat untuk forum antarabangsa daripada yang local.

you have great computer? who cares? what metters is, "productivity". komputer hebat2 tapi kalau jadi gajah putih buat apa. hahaha! ni lah konsep forum ni. Q of the day: kenapa survey jurugambar professional lebih 80% masih menggunakan filem pada zaman digital ni? kenapa dekat GNU foundation meminta derma disedekahkan komputer lama2 (model intel 386) bagi kajian mereka? sebab barang lama best! i dont have hi-end computer. so i can concentrate in doing my job instead of obsessively endlessly updrading the computer, tapi ia tetap mengeluarkan hasil, sebab saya setting ia supaya menjadi platform Desktop Production. here's the photo of my computer btw: http://www.flickr.com/photos/astrocoder/2807686083/ and http://www.flickr.com/photos/astrocoder/2807685149/in/photostream/ dan ini link ke i-bands saya dengan lagu yang saya compose dengan komputer ni beberapa tahun lepas (sekarang dah insaf dan tak buat lagu camni lagi dah ada konsep muzik baru sekarang ) -> http://www.i-bands.net/audiovault/bands/3155/music.php. lagu baru nanti akan berkonsep progressif+jazz? sound alike jethro tull, rush, dream theater, anglagard, pink floyd, chick corea, radiohead, banco del mutuo sorcorso, anekdoten, etc. nak dengar? tungguuuu..

terima kasih kerana sudi membaca, membaca amalan mulia.
AstroCoder.

dia yang carik gaduh. merosakkan forum aja ada post cenggitu. nak delete pun tak boleh. sebelum ni ia bermula dengan baik, tapi bila dah masuk post dia, dia dah ganggu mood aku. jadi terimalah kau zero cool & komputer bling2nya.. aku baru browse forum ni dan tengok satu forum ubuntu. habis dipenuhi gambar PC dia. bajet best la tunjuk2 PC? hahaha!

hahaha! (sinister laugh! )

--
Ok, lupakanlah tentang ni.

jom kita teruskan Q-A ni. oklah, hari ini kita akan belajar tentang? assembly language.. tapi sebelum tu, kite kenali apa maksud "compiler" dulu. mengikut wiki, ia bermaksud:

A compiler is a computer program (or set of programs) that translates text written in a computer language (the source language) into another computer language (the target language). The original sequence is usually called the source code and the output called object code. Commonly the output has a form suitable for processing by other programs (e.g., a linker), but it may be a human-readable text file.

... rough-translation kepada malay bermaksud:

adalah satu program yang menterjemahkan teks dalam bentuk kod yang mudah difahami manusia kepada satu bahasa yang lain (bahasa komputer)

ada dapat tak ideanya? compiler bekerja dalam beberapa cara. antaranya adalah:

source code -> assembly language -> object -> linker -> executeable

lagi,

source code -> object -> linker -> executeable

ada beberapa lagi cara, tapi ini 2 daripadanya. jom kita bayangkan kod adalah dalam bentuk persamaan matematik contohnya a=2+3. singkatan dalam pascal:

Code:

a:=2+3;
writeln a;

bila diterjemah kepada assembly language akan jadi:

Code:

mov ax, 2
mov bx, 3
add ax, bx
mov a, ax
call print_a

dapat tangkap tak bagaimana nak terjemahkan source code pascal kepada assembly? first kena pecahkan dulu persamaan kepada beberapa bahagian. sebab bahasa peringkat rendah tak dapat memegang lebih dari satu data dalam 1 register. secara kasarnya kena cari semua nombor2 yang terlibat dalam persamaan ni dan masukkan kedalam register (register 16-bit, ax, bx, cx, etc, atau untuk 32bit, eax, ebx, ecx, etc) ("e" didepan register 16 bit untuk register 32bit adalah bermaksud "extended" ) a:=2+3 melibatkan no 2, 3 dan pembolehubah "a". masukkan setiap nilai kedalam register dengan instruction "mov". "mov ax, 2" mamasukkan nilai decimal 2 kedalam register ax. sekarang dalam "ax" adalh nombor decimal 2. "mox bx, 3" akan memasukkan nilai 3 asas 10 kedalam bx. "add ax, bx" adalah instruction bagi mendapatkan nilai tambah antara 2 register ni dan meninggalkan hasilnya dalam ax. lebih kurang camni -> a=a+b. boleh tangkap tak? ok. sekarang dalam ax adalah nilai hasil tambah 2 dan 3. "mox a, ax" akan memindahkan nilai dalam ax kepada "a" iaitu satu alamat lokasi data. wah! anda telah pun menulis satu bahasa peringkat rendah! satu kejayaan besar untuk anda..

akan bersambung lagi nanti..

err.. tapi kenapa belajar assembly language? well.. ia satu bahasa yang sangat rendah. kalau nak bahasa yang lebih rendah lagi daripada assembly, anda hanya akan jumpa angka "0" dan "1" aja. anda hampir2 berkomunikasi dengan mesin melalui electrical pulses.. hahhaha! taklah.. tapi ia bahasa yang sangat kecil dan sangat flexsible. anda menggunakan bahasa yang hampir sama dengan mesin. bayangkan anda boleh bertegur sapa dengan printer anda, melihat melalui kamera webcam, membaca setiap perkataan yang ditekan oleh keyboard, menyelinap masuk dalam telefon nokia anda yang disambung dengan kabel USB dan etc! satu arahannya biasanya bersaiz 1 byte. sangat kecil! contohnya "mov ax, bx" mungkin diterjemahkan kepada "D5" atau mungkin "0101 1100". 1 byte. sedangkan kalau anda compile satu bahasa peringkat tinggi dengan arahan "print 'hello'" hasilnya mungkin lebih 200KB. 1 byte dengan 200000 byte. boleh bandingkan? disebabkan ia adalah extremely kecil, jadi ia boleh ditulis dalam barangan yang bermemori kecil, contohnya PIC (IC programmer). program bios anda ditulis dalam assembly language. kebanyakan virus2 juga ditulis dalam assembly.. Pistol mainan? yeap! juga menggunakan IC programmer. pistol dan telefon mainan budak2 juga diprogram dengan assembly language. data-data wavetable bunyi2an dimasukkan sekali dengan arahan2 kedalam IC yang kurang 1mm ketebalannya. bila tekan, bunyi "tratatatata!!" hehe! memproses signal dan mengeluarkan arahan memainkan bunyi. ah, dulu saya ada programkan satu IC untuk projek drum midi. velocity sensitive. untuk menterjemahkan kadar getaran yang diterima sensor piezo kepada kod MIDI yang boleh dibaca oleh Hydrogen drum machine dan menggunakan sampel general midi under linux, driver pulak ALSA:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TZM-qlUewmk

ini DIY drum juga, tapi menggunakan modul roland. buyiknya yang sangat bagus!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-xctdgpFf14

jom kita belajar assembly and get productive! 1 step ahead to compose your own music!

Thankyou for reading, membaca amalan mulia.

AstroCoder.

P/S: orang macam saya buat dunia makin mundur.. hahaha! (sinister laugh!)

hobi dia takpe lah. Jgn dok post dekat thread orang gmbr PC dia tu. Tu menunjuk2 namanya. Dh la m'ggu tujuan asal forum ni. Dah tu suka2 panggil aku poyo. Rasa best dn maha hebat la msg cmtu? Aku hormat org tua, tp org tua kata poyo kat aku, aku pikir 2-3 kali jgk nk ke tak. Oklh, anggap dh selesai. Jgn berulang lg.

By the way, saya orang baru kat sini. Masih tulis "junior" lg kat properties nih. Mcmmana anda boleh tahu saya hanya tahu sepatah 2? Double standart mengikut status ke? Hmmm..

Dear astrocoder:

* Never argue with a fool. People might not know the difference.

Kindly carry on with ur main topic.
Lotsa other frens interested want to get to know more.
Thanks.

thankyou for your understanding as i was nearly lost my interest in this forum. I was thinking to write about this in my vox blog. I didnt started yet, but i think i'll create a link on this thread for the remaining lecture.

Thank you.

astrocoder wrote:By the way, saya orang baru kat sini. Masih tulis "junior" lg kat properties nih. Mcmmana anda boleh tahu saya hanya tahu sepatah 2? Double standart mengikut status ke? Hmmm..

As wise people always said:
Quality NOT quantity,that does matter.
In islamic point of view:
Benda yg sedikit tetapi qana'ah adalah lebih afdal.

Enough for me being offtopic,kindly carry on with ur contribution mate.

Ur humble clown.
Deuce�

apa guna nak gaduh....terpulang ler nak pakai pirate ker free/open source software ker..free open source os ker windows ker.disini kita nak berkongsi ilmu,jadi jangan gado2 k.saya yakin anda semua memang mahir menggunakan komputer dan selok belok komputer,apa kata anda semua share ilmu tu utk semua,kan bagus tu.

hakikat hidup ini kene kiter hadapi gak..ada yang baik dan ada yang buruk.

be peace and nice!

p/s: im using dual OS : Windows/Linux


meh aku ajor linux/unix commands..ada gak untung nyer korang baca.

Code:

Code:

a2p  :Creates a Perl script from an awk script.
ac     :Prints statistics about users' connect time.
alias     :Create a name for another command or long command string.
ar      :Maintain portable archive or library.
arch  :Display the architecture of the current host.
arp    :Manipulate the system ARP cache.
as      An assembler.
at      Command scheduler.
awk      Awk script processing program.
basename    Deletes any specified prefix from a string.
bash    Command Bourne interpreter
bc    Calculator.
bdiff  Compare large files.
bfs    Editor for large files.
bg    Continues a program running in the background.
biff    Enable / disable incoming mail notifications.
break  Break out of while, for, foreach, or until loop.
bs    Battleship game.
bye    Alias often used for the exit command.
cal    Calendar
calendar    Display appointments and reminders.
cancel    Cancels a print job.
cat   View and/or modify a file.
cc    C compiler.
cd    Change directory.
chdir    Change directory.
checkeq    Language processors to assist in describing equations.
checknr    Check nroff and troff files for any errors.
chfn    Modify your own information or if super user or root modify another users information.
chgrp    Change a groups access to a file or directory.
chkey    Change the secure RPC key pair.
chmod    Change the permission of a file.
chown    Change the ownership of a file.
chsh    Change login shell.
cksum    Display and calculate a CRC for files.
clear   Clears screen.
cls    Alias often used to clear a screen.
cmp    Compare files.
col    Reverse line-feeds filter.
comm    Compare files and select or reject lines that are common.
compress    Compress files on a computer.
continue    Break out of while, for, foreach, or until loop.
copy    Copy files.
cp    Copy files.
cpio    Creates archived CPIO files.
crontab    Create and list files that you wish to run on a regular schedule.
csh   Execute the C shell command interpreter
csplit    Split files based on context.
ctags    Create a tag file for use with ex and vi.
cu    Calls or connects to another Unix system, terminal or non-Unix system.
curl   Transfer a URL.
cut    Cut out selected fields of each line of a file.
date    Tells you the date and time in Unix.
dc    An arbitrary precision arithmetic package.
df    Display the available disk space for each mount.
deroff    Removes nroff/troff, tbl, and eqn constructs.
dhclient    Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Client.
diff    Displays two files and prints the lines that are different.
dig   DNS lookup utility.
dircmp    Lists the different files when comparing directories.
dirname    Deliver portions of path names.
dmesg    Print or control the kernel ring buffer.
dos2unix    Converts text files between DOS and Unix formats.
dpost    Translates files created by troff into PostScript.
du   Tells you how much space a file occupies.
echo    Displays text after echo to the terminal.
ed    Line oriented file editor.
edit    Text editor.
egrep    Search a file for a pattern using full regular expressions.
elm    Program command used to send and receive e-mail.
emacs    Text editor.
enable    Enables / Disables LP printers.
env   Displays environment variables.
eqn    Language processors to assist in describing equations.
ex    Line-editor mode of the vi text editor.
exit    Exit from a program, shell or log you out of a Unix network.
expand    Expand copies of file s.
expr    Evaluate arguments as an expression.
fc    The FC utility lists or edits and re-executes, commands previously entered to an interactive sh.
fg    Continues a stopped job by running it in the foreground
fgrep    Search a file for a fixed-character string.
file    Tells you if the object you are looking at is a file or if it is a directory.
find    Finds one or more files assuming that you know their approximate filenames.
findsmb   List info about machines that respond to SMB name queries on a subnet.
finger    Lists information about the user.
fmt    Simple text formatters.
fold    Filter for folding lines.
for    

Shell built-in functions to repeatedly execute action(s) for a selected number of times.
foreach    Shell built-in functions to repeatedly execute action(s) for a selected number of times.
fromdos    Converts text files between DOS and Unix formats.
fsck    Check and repair a Linux file system.
ftp    Enables ftp access to another terminal.
getfacl    Display discretionary file information.
gprof    The gprof utility produces an execution profile of a program.
grep    Finds text within a file.
groupadd    Creates a new group account.
groupdel    Enables a super user or root to remove a group.
groupmod    Enables a super user or root to modify a group.
gunzip    Expand compressed files.
gview    A programmers text editor.
gvim    A programmers text editor.
gzip    Compress files.
halt    Stop the computer.
hash    Remove internal hash table.
hashstat    Display the hash stats.
head    Displays the first ten lines of a file, unless otherwise stated.
help    If computer has online help documentation installed this command will display it.
history    Display the history of commands typed.
host   DNS lookup utility.
hostid   Prints the numeric identifier for the current host.
hostname    Set or print name of current host system.
id    Shows you the numeric user and group ID on BSD.
ifconfig    Sets up network interfaces.
ifdown   take a network interface down
ifup   bring a network interface up
isalist    Display the native instruction sets executable on this platform.
jobs    List the jobs currently running in the background.
join    Joins command forms together.
keylogin    Decrypt the user's secret key.
kill    Cancels a job.
ksh    Korn shell command interpreter.
ld    Link-editor for object files.
ldd    List dynamic dependencies of executable files or shared objects.
less    Opposite of the more command.
lex    Generate programs for lexical tasks.
link    Calls the link function to create a link to a file.
ln    Creates a link to a file.
lo    Allows you to exit from a program, shell or log you out of a Unix network.
locate    List files in databases that match a pattern.
login    Signs into a new system.
logname    Returns users login name.
logout    Logs out of a system.
lp    Prints a file on System V systems.
lpadmin    Configure the LP print service.
lpc    Line printer control program.
lpq    Lists the status of all the available printers.
lpr    Submits print requests.
lprm    Removes print requests from the print queue.
lpstat    Lists status of the LP print services.
ls    Lists the contents of a directory.
mach    Display the processor type of the current host.
mail    One of the ways that allows you to read/send E-Mail.
mailcompat    Provide SunOS 4.x compatibility for the Solaris mailbox format.
mailx    Mail interactive message processing system.
make    Executes a list of shell commands associated with each target.
man    Display a manual of a command.
mesg    Control if non-root users can send text messages to you.
mii-tool   View, manipulate media-independent interface status.
mkdir    Create a directory.
mkfs    Build a Linux file system, usually a hard disk partition.
more   Displays text one screen at a time.
mount    Disconnects a file systems and remote resources.
mt    Magnetic tape control.
mv    Renames a file or moves it from one directory to another directory.
nc   TCP/IP swiss army knife.
neqn    Language processors to assist in describing equations.
netstat    Shows network status.
newalias    Install new elm aliases for user and/or system.
newform    Change the format of a text file.
newgrp    Log into a new group.
nice    Invokes a command with an altered scheduling priority.
niscat    Display NIS+ tables and objects.
nischmod    Change access rights on a NIS+ object.
nischown    Change the owner of a NIS+ object.
nischttl    Change the time to live value of a NIS+ object.
nisdefaults    Display NIS+ default values.
nisgrep    Utilities for searching NIS+ tables.
nismatch    Utilities for searching NIS+ tables.
nispasswd    Change NIS+ password information.
nistbladm    NIS+ table administration command.
nmap   Network exploration tool and security / port scanner.
nohup    Runs a command even if the session is disconnected or the user logs out.
nroff    Formats documents for display or line-printer.
nslookup    Queries a name server for a host or domain lookup.
on    Execute a command on a remote system, but with the local environment.
onintr    Shell built-in functions to respond to (hardware) signals.
optisa    Determine which variant instruction set is optimal to use.
pack    Shrinks file into a compressed file.
pagesize    Display the size of a page of memory in bytes, as returned by getpagesize.
passwd    Allows you to change your password.
paste    Merge corresponding or subsequent lines of files.
pax    Read / write and writes lists of the members of archive files and copy directory hierarchies.
pcat    Compresses file.
perl    Perl is a programming language optimized for scanning arbitrary text files, extracting information from those text files.
pg    Files perusal filters for CRTs.
pgrep    Examine the active processes on the system and reports the process IDs of the processes
pico    Simple and very easy to use text editor in the style of the Pine Composer.
pine    Command line program for Internet News and Email.
ping    Sends ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts.
pkill    Examine the active processes on the system and reports the process IDs of the processes
poweroff    Stop the computer.
pr    Formats a file to make it look better when printed.
priocntl    Display's or set scheduling parameters of specified process(es)
printf    Write formatted output.
ps   Reports the process status.
pvs    Display the internal version information of dynamic objects within an ELF file.
pwd    Print the current working directory.
quit    Allows you to exit from a program, shell or log you out of a Unix network.
rcp    Copies files from one computer to another computer.
reboot    Stop the computer.
red    Line oriented file editor.
rehash    Recomputes the internal hash table of the contents of directories listed in the path.
remsh    Runs a command on another computer.
repeat    Shell built-in functions to repeatedly execute action(s) for a selected number of times.
rgview    A programmers text editor.
rgvim    A programmers text editor.
rlogin    Establish a remote connection from your terminal to a remote machine.
rm    Deletes a file without confirmation (by default).
rmail    One of the ways that allows you to read/send E-Mail.
rmdir   Deletes a directory.
rn    Reads newsgroups.
route   Show / manipulate the IP routing table.
rpcinfo    Report RPC information.
rsh    Runs a command on another computer.
rsync    Faster, flexible replacement for rcp.
rview    A programmers text editor.
rvim    A programmers text editor.
s2p    Convert a sed script into a Perl script.
sag    Graphically displays the system activity data stored in a binary data file by a previous sar run.
sar    Displays the activity for the CPU.
script    Records everything printed on your screen.
sdiff   Compares two files, side-by-side.
sed    Allows you to use pre-recorded commands to make changes to text.
sendmail    Sends mail over the Internet.
set   Set the value of an environment variable.
setenv    Set the value of an environment variable.
setfacl    Modify the Access Control List (ACL) for a file or files.
settime    Change file access and modification time.
sftp    Secure file transfer program.
sh   Runs or processes jobs through the Bourne shell.
shred    Delete a file securely, first overwriting it to hide its contents.
shutdown    Turn off the computer immediately or at a specified time.
sleep    Waits a x amount of seconds.
slogin    OpenSSH SSH client (remote login program).
smbclient   An ftp-like client to access SMB/CIFS resources on servers.
sort   Sorts the lines in a text file.
spell    Looks through a text file and reports any words that it finds in the text file that are not in the dictionary.
split    Split a file into pieces.
stat    Display file or filesystem status.
stop    Control process execution.
strip    Discard symbols from object files.
stty   Sets options for your terminal.
su    Become super user or another user.
sysinfo    Get and set system information strings.
sysklogd   Linux system logging utilities.
tabs    Set tabs on a terminal.
tail    Delivers the last part of the file.
talk    Talk with other logged in users.
tac    Concatenate and print files in reverse.
tar    Create tape archives and add or extract files.
tbl    Preprocessor for formatting tables for nroff or troff.
tcopy    Copy a magnetic tape.
tcpdump   Dump traffic on a network.
tee    Read from an input and write to a standard output or file.
telnet    Uses the telnet protocol to connect to another remote computer.
time    Used to time a simple command.
timex    The timex command times a command; reports process data and system activity.
todos    Converts text files between DOS and Unix formats.
top    Display Linux tasks.
touch    Change file access and modification time.
tput    Initialize a terminal or query terminfo database.
tr    Translate characters.
traceroute    Print the route packets take to network host.
troff    Typeset or format documents.
ul    Reads the named filenames or terminal and does underlining.
umask    Get or set the file mode creation mask.
unalias    Remove an alias.
unhash    Remove internal hash table.
uname    Print name of current system.
uncompress    Uncompressed compressed files.
uniq    Report or filter out repeated lines in a file.
unmount    Crates a file systems and remote resources.
unpack    Expands a compressed file.
untar    Create tape archives and add or extract files.
until    Execute a set of actions while/until conditions are evaluated TRUE.
useradd    Create a new user or updates default new user information.
userdel    Remove a users account.
usermod    Modify a users account.
vacation    Reply to mail automatically.
vedit    Screen-oriented (visual) display editor based on ex.
vgrind    Grind nice program listings
vi    Screen-oriented (visual) display editor based on ex.
vim    A programmers text editor.
view    A programmers text editor.
w   Show who is logged on and what they are doing.
wait    Await process completion.
wc    Displays a count of lines, words, and characters in a file
whereis    Locate a binary, source, and manual page files for a command.
while    Repetitively execute a set of actions while/until conditions are evaluated TRUE.
which    Locate a command.
who    Displays who is on the system.
whois    Internet user name directory service.
write    Send a message to another user.
X    Execute the X windows system.
xfd    Display all the characters in an X font.
xlsfonts    Server font list displayer for X.
xset    User preference utility for X.
xterm    Terminal emulator for X.
xrdb    X server resource database utility.
yacc    Short for yet another compiler-compiler, yacc is a compiler.
yes    Repeatedly output a line with all specified STRING(s), or 'y'.
yppasswd    Changes network password in the NIS database.
zcat    Compress files.


Enjoy!!

Code:

# info

dah ada.. anyway thanks

bagi yg tak ada tu..bule2 la try k...kalu korang dah paham,senang guna linux..pastu boleh buat botnet dgn perl script.hehe...